Stephen Briganti (President and CEO of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation)

La statua della libertà ed Ellis Island, due simboli fondamentali di New York anche per l'Italia

Nov 15, 2015 6040 ITA ENG

"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" This is the most famous part of "The New Colossus", the poem engraved on a plaque on the inner wall of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty.

Miss Freedom and Ellis Island are the two most important symbols that represent the mythical story of those who arrived to New York in search of a future: millions of them were Italians. Both these iconic historical places are part of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, and the President and CEO of this Foundation is an Italian American gentleman, Mr. Stephen Briganti. Talking to him means today paying our respect to those millio0ns of brave, heroic fellow Italians.

Mr. Briganti, please tell our readers something about your Italian roots. You and New York Mayor Bill De Blasio come from the same family, right?

We do. Our grandparents, his grandmother and my grandfather, were siblings. We are Brigantis from Grassano, in Basilicata.

Well, the members of the Briganti family were all educated, in Italy. His grandmother and our mutual great aunt opened a dress shop on 5th Avenue, in Manhattan, when they came here. It was quite well known, because it was selling high-end dresses. Their other brother, Pasquale, was an eye doctor in New York. My grandfather's other brother – there were three brothers and two sisters – was Gaetano Briganti. I think he's very well known in the Southern area of Italy. He was a professor of Agriculture. At that time, a disease was doing damage to the olive trees, and he came up with some sort of formula to cure that disease and save the olive trees, so he's quite well known ... at least in Basilicata. My grandfather was an architect.

I wish he was there now because Apulia has a similar problem: a virus called Xylella, and they are struggling against that, because that goes from tree to tree and is very hard to stop.

Well, I don't know what he did or what the disease was, but apparently he did a good job.

You are President and Chief Executive Officer of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, two of the most important and visited sites of the world. Could you please briefly describe the Ellis Island Museum to those who haven't visited yet?

Yes. The Ellis Island Museum is a museum of about 150,000 square feet of exhibitions, and the original part of the museum tells the story of the Ellis Island years, 1892-1954. That's the time when most of the Italians were coming. Of course, we tell the story not just of the Italians, but of the Greeks, of the Poles, people from eastern Europe, people from the Middle East... they were coming to America at that time. The American population was doubling in those years, because so many people were choosing to come here. The reason was that America was going through the industrial revolution and it needed cheap labor. They provided cheap labor.

Many of them intended to be – and some of them were – birds of passage. They thought they had come to the States to work and then go home. In fact, many of them didn't go home: they stayed. Then we decided that Ellis Island, as the symbol of all Americans, of the American welcome and of the American opportunity, should tell the story of the entire population of America. So we now tell the story of America from 1550 to 1892, then the Ellis Island years, 1892-1954, and then the post Ellis Island years, from 1954 to the present. Because America is changing again, now, as people from many parts of the world continue to come to live here. Ellis Island is now the National Museum of Immigration.

The Statue of Liberty is not only the symbol of New York: it's the symbol of the United States of America, a symbol that tells that America is a nation of immigrants. How many Italians came by boat, dreamt about a new life when seeing Miss Liberty, and then landed to Manhattan after passing the Ellis Island health examination?

We have figures, but they didn't all come through New York: but there are about 20 million people of Italian descent living in the United States today. The Statue of Liberty was not built for the reason of welcoming immigrants: it was built as a welcome, but more as a symbol of America. It just happened that it was built in 1886, and in 1892 the Federal Government decided to use Ellis Island as a station for immigrants. Now, in the American cultural mind, the two things are linked together. They weren't originally, but they are now. And we have to remember that not all the immigrants who sailed by the Statue of Liberty and were processed in Ellis Island, stayed in New York. In fact, only about 40% stayed in New York. The 60% went somewhere else.

Before being Mayor of New York, Fiorello La Guardia used to work at Ellis Island. What was his job?

He was an interpreter, and I think he spoke five languages. He was a young man, they needed people who could speak different languages out there, and that was his job. I don't know how long he did it, but he did it for a while.

Is there an anecdote coming from the huge archive of your Foundation, maybe something not that famous, you could share with us about the Italian emigration through Ellis Island?

I don't know if there's an anecdote specifically about... but there is a thing that we often talk about. It's that Italians came to America because they thought that streets were paved with gold. And when they got here, they discovered they weren't paved in gold. In fact, they discovered they weren't paved at all and, in fact, they were the people who were going to pave them.

But I think that there are probably many stories of Italians and their lives in America. Each and everyone of them is important to their family, just as mine is important to my family, and we celebrate our Italian heritage. At the same time, we know we're Americans, and that comes first, but I think there's a lot that Italians have done in this country. Lee Iacocca, who was the very famous head of the Chrysler corporation and he actually turned it around... he's in is 90s now, but in his heyday he was the king of American business and the Founding Chairman of our Foundation. The people who came here from Italy and other countries took advantage of the opportunities America was offering, and made good lives for themselves and for their families.

Your archive is an irreplaceable source for the Americans who want to find out more about their roots. What would you tell to the Italian Americans who haven't done it yet?

I tell them to do it! We can't know who we are unless we know where we came from and the people that came before us in our families. We have a lot of Italians in the American records, and it's a great thrill to find your heritage. I worked on that for years, and when I finally saw it, I was thrilled, I was melted in tears.

I found out about my grandmother, she was seventeen when she came here. When she left Naples I guess she had three dollars in her pocket. The documents told me where she came from and where she was going in America. I knew her very well, and it was amazing to think about a 17 year-old girl who was getting off the boat in this country, didn't speak English, didn't know what to expect. I mean, we travel, we can pick up the phone, email for a reservation for a hotel in Rome, jump into a cab when we get at the airport, go to the hotel... everything's easy. But it wasn't for her. My mother's side of the family arrived in this country on the 28th of December, 1911, my mother was one year and a half old. Everytime I go into the great hall at Ellis Island I think about them, what it must have been like for them to come to this country: my grandfather spoke a little bit of English but not much, the rest of them didn't. And there they are in the great hall, with all the other people from their boat, and probably other boats, and it's an amazing thought. They had huge courage. I don't know if I'd do what they did.

Italy is now the place where thousands of desperate people from Africa land, searching for food, a better life and a future, like our fellow Italians did between the end of the XIXth century and the beginning of the XXth. Maybe we could say that Lampedusa, in Sicily, is the new Ellis Island. Which are the main similarities and the main differences you see between these two historical migration flows?

I think that the reason people are coming to Lampedusa and Sicily and all over Europe now, is one of the reason other people came to United States: running away from tyranny. They are looking for a better life, freedom, being away from living a life of fear.

Probably, the difference is that historically, this country is made up of people from different places. So we celebrate difference, we celebrate the fact that we are a nation of people that have become Americans but are different: they may be Asian, they may be European, they may be African, but when they get here they become Americans. On the contrary, Italians are a group of people historically homogeneous, who are generally not used to a big percentage of different people.

What I would say to the Italians is: take advantage of these new people. They may be the businessmen of tomorrow. I know Italy has a very low birth rate: they may be the people who keep the country going. So don't be afraid of them: help them, so they can help Italy. The opposite is to fight them, to be mean to them, not to welcome them, and I don't know what that would do. They are running away from terrible situations. It would be interesting to see how Europe is reacting. A part of Europe is reacting quite well, a part of it isn't. I can't speak in general for Europe, but I know that in America, historically, immigrants have helped the country.

You may be interested